A magnetically separable SO 4 /Fe-Al-TiO 2  solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

Jabbar Gardy; Amin Osatiashtiani; Oscar Céspedes; Ali Hassanpour; Xiaojun Lai; Adam F. Lee; Karen Wilson; Mohammad Rehan

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.04.046

A magnetically separable SO 4 /Fe-Al-TiO 2 solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

Jabbar Gardy, Amin Osatiashtiani, Oscar Céspedes, Ali Hassanpour, Xiaojun Lai, Adam F. Lee, Karen Wilson, Mohammad Rehan

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

A novel magnetic SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 solid acid catalyst was synthesized for biodiesel production via the (trans)esterification of waste cooking oil (WCO). The nanocomposite catalyst was prepared by the sequential functionalisation of commercial rutile/anatase mixed phase TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with alumina as a buffer layer, and subsequently hematite to impart magnetic character, prior to sulfation with chlorosulfonic acid to introduce Brønsted acidity. XRD showed that the SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 catalyst comprised titania (rutile and anatase phases), aluminium sulphate, and hematite nanoparticles, while electron microscopy revealed the layer-by-layer assembly of these components within the SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 catalyst. FTIR confirmed the presence of surface sulphate groups SO42- and S2O72-/S3O102-, creating a predominantly Brønsted acid catalyst with high acid loading. The catalyst achieved 96 % fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield from WCO after 2.5 h of reaction at 90 °C, using 3 wt% of the magnetic catalyst, and a methanol:oil molar ratio of 10:1. SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 was also effective for feedstocks containing up to 20 wt% of free fatty acid (FFA), and showed excellent stability for WCO (trans)esterification over 10 recycles.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	268-278
Journal	Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
Volume	234
Early online date	20 Apr 2018
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.04.046
Publication status	Published - 15 Oct 2018

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Solid acid catalyst
(trans)esterification
magnetic nanoparticle
biodiesel
waste cooking oil

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10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.04.046

A magnetically separable SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
© 2018, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Accepted author manuscript, 3.7 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND 3.0

Cite this

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title = "A magnetically separable SO 4 /Fe-Al-TiO 2 solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil",

abstract = "A novel magnetic SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 solid acid catalyst was synthesized for biodiesel production via the (trans)esterification of waste cooking oil (WCO). The nanocomposite catalyst was prepared by the sequential functionalisation of commercial rutile/anatase mixed phase TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with alumina as a buffer layer, and subsequently hematite to impart magnetic character, prior to sulfation with chlorosulfonic acid to introduce Br{\o}nsted acidity. XRD showed that the SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 catalyst comprised titania (rutile and anatase phases), aluminium sulphate, and hematite nanoparticles, while electron microscopy revealed the layer-by-layer assembly of these components within the SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 catalyst. FTIR confirmed the presence of surface sulphate groups SO42- and S2O72-/S3O102-, creating a predominantly Br{\o}nsted acid catalyst with high acid loading. The catalyst achieved 96 % fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield from WCO after 2.5 h of reaction at 90 °C, using 3 wt% of the magnetic catalyst, and a methanol:oil molar ratio of 10:1. SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 was also effective for feedstocks containing up to 20 wt% of free fatty acid (FFA), and showed excellent stability for WCO (trans)esterification over 10 recycles.",

keywords = "Solid acid catalyst, (trans)esterification, magnetic nanoparticle, biodiesel, waste cooking oil",

author = "Jabbar Gardy and Amin Osatiashtiani and Oscar C{\'e}spedes and Ali Hassanpour and Xiaojun Lai and Lee, {Adam F.} and Karen Wilson and Mohammad Rehan",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2018, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",

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doi = "10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.04.046",

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AU - Gardy, Jabbar

AU - Osatiashtiani, Amin

AU - Céspedes, Oscar

AU - Hassanpour, Ali

AU - Lai, Xiaojun

AU - Lee, Adam F.

AU - Wilson, Karen

AU - Rehan, Mohammad

PY - 2018/10/15

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N2 - A novel magnetic SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 solid acid catalyst was synthesized for biodiesel production via the (trans)esterification of waste cooking oil (WCO). The nanocomposite catalyst was prepared by the sequential functionalisation of commercial rutile/anatase mixed phase TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with alumina as a buffer layer, and subsequently hematite to impart magnetic character, prior to sulfation with chlorosulfonic acid to introduce Brønsted acidity. XRD showed that the SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 catalyst comprised titania (rutile and anatase phases), aluminium sulphate, and hematite nanoparticles, while electron microscopy revealed the layer-by-layer assembly of these components within the SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 catalyst. FTIR confirmed the presence of surface sulphate groups SO42- and S2O72-/S3O102-, creating a predominantly Brønsted acid catalyst with high acid loading. The catalyst achieved 96 % fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield from WCO after 2.5 h of reaction at 90 °C, using 3 wt% of the magnetic catalyst, and a methanol:oil molar ratio of 10:1. SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 was also effective for feedstocks containing up to 20 wt% of free fatty acid (FFA), and showed excellent stability for WCO (trans)esterification over 10 recycles.

AB - A novel magnetic SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 solid acid catalyst was synthesized for biodiesel production via the (trans)esterification of waste cooking oil (WCO). The nanocomposite catalyst was prepared by the sequential functionalisation of commercial rutile/anatase mixed phase TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with alumina as a buffer layer, and subsequently hematite to impart magnetic character, prior to sulfation with chlorosulfonic acid to introduce Brønsted acidity. XRD showed that the SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 catalyst comprised titania (rutile and anatase phases), aluminium sulphate, and hematite nanoparticles, while electron microscopy revealed the layer-by-layer assembly of these components within the SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 catalyst. FTIR confirmed the presence of surface sulphate groups SO42- and S2O72-/S3O102-, creating a predominantly Brønsted acid catalyst with high acid loading. The catalyst achieved 96 % fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield from WCO after 2.5 h of reaction at 90 °C, using 3 wt% of the magnetic catalyst, and a methanol:oil molar ratio of 10:1. SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 was also effective for feedstocks containing up to 20 wt% of free fatty acid (FFA), and showed excellent stability for WCO (trans)esterification over 10 recycles.

KW - Solid acid catalyst

KW - (trans)esterification

KW - magnetic nanoparticle

KW - biodiesel

KW - waste cooking oil

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