Bone formation controlled by biologically relevant inorganic ions: role and controlled delivery from phosphate-based glasses

Nilay J Lakhkar, In-Ho Lee, Hae-Won Kim, Vehid Salih, Ivan B Wall, Jonathan C Knowles

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

The role of metal ions in the body and particularly in the formation, regulation and maintenance of bone is only just starting to be unravelled. The role of some ions, such as zinc, is more clearly understood due to its central importance in proteins. However, a whole spectrum of other ions is known to affect bone formation but the exact mechanism is unclear as the effects can be complex, multifactorial and also subtle. Furthermore, a significant number of studies utilise single doses in cell culture medium, whereas the continual, sustained release of an ion may initiate and mediate a completely different response. We have reviewed the role of the most significant ions that are known to play a role in bone formation, namely calcium, zinc, strontium, magnesium, boron, titanium and also phosphate anions as well as copper and its role in angiogenesis, an important process interlinked with osteogenesis. This review will also examine how delivery systems may offer an alternative way of providing sustained release of these ions which may effect and potentiate a more appropriate and rapid tissue response.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)405-20
Number of pages16
JournalAdvanced Drug Delivery Reviews
Volume65
Issue number4
Early online date1 Jun 2012
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Apr 2013

Bibliographical note

Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords

  • Animals
  • Boron/physiology
  • Delayed-Action Preparations
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Glass
  • Humans
  • Ions
  • Metals/administration & dosage
  • Osteogenesis/physiology
  • Phosphates/physiology

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