Distributed dynamic strain measurement with a direct detection scheme by using a three-step-phase-shifted double pulse in a UWFBG array

We demonstrate a stable homodyne phase demodulation method with a double pulse based on an ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) array. The technique divides one of the probe pulses into three sections and introduces successive 2π/3 phase differences into each section. By using a simple direct detection scheme, it can achieve distributed and quantitative vibration measurement along the UWFBG array. Compared to the traditional homodyne demodulation technique, the proposed technique is more stable and easier to accomplish. Moreover, the reflected light from the UWFBGs can provide a signal that is modulated uniformly by the dynamic strain and multiple results for averaging, resulting in a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We experimentally demonstrate the technique’s effectiveness by monitoring different vibrations. The SNR for measuring a generic 100 Hz, 0.08 rad vibration in a 3 km UWFBG array with a reflectivity of −40 to −45 dB is estimated to be ∼44.92 dB.