Fiber specklegram sensor based on reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber

Yunhe Zhao; Yutao Guo; Shiqi Chen; Yan Jiang; Siyu Chen; Chengbo Mou; Yunqi Liu; Changle Wang; Kaiming Zhou; Lin Zhang

doi:10.1109/jsen.2024.3421291

Fiber specklegram sensor based on reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber

Yunhe Zhao, Yutao Guo, Shiqi Chen, Yan Jiang, Siyu Chen, Chengbo Mou, Yunqi Liu, Changle Wang, Kaiming Zhou, Lin Zhang

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

In this paper, a fiber specklegram sensor is formed from reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber (FMF) with tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBG). The FMF-TFBG with different tilt angles have been fabricated, and could realize the high-efficient reflective mode conversion from fundamental mode to high-order core modes (LP₁₁, LP₂₁, LP₀₂, LP₃₁, and LP₁₂ modes) simultaneously when the tilt angle is 1.6°. With the twist induced in FMF-TFBG, the recorded LP₁₁, LP₂₁ and LP₃₁ mode specklegram rotated with fiber twisting. The specklegrams rotation angle are detected using speeded-up robust feature algorithm combined with Canny edge detection algorithm to improve the accuracy. When fiber twist angle changes from −300° to 300°, the specklegram rotation angle of LP₁₁, LP₂₁ and LP₃₁ mode is linearly related to fiber twist angle, with linearity of 0.515, 0.544 and 0.528, respectively. Therefore, the proposed mode rotation from FMF-TFBG with advantages of low cost, high accuracy and excellent performances, could give rise a new generation of fiber specklegram sensor.

Original language	English
Number of pages	6
Journal	IEEE Sensors Journal
Early online date	9 Jul 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2024.3421291
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 9 Jul 2024

Bibliographical note

Copyright © 2024 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

Keywords

Few-mode fiber
Fiber gratings
Fiber specklegram sensor
Mode rotation
Optical fiber dispersion
Optical fiber networks
Optical fiber sensors
Optical fiber theory
Resonance
Sensors
Tilted fiber Bragg grating

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title = "Fiber specklegram sensor based on reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber",

abstract = "In this paper, a fiber specklegram sensor is formed from reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber (FMF) with tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBG). The FMF-TFBG with different tilt angles have been fabricated, and could realize the high-efficient reflective mode conversion from fundamental mode to high-order core modes (LP11, LP21, LP02, LP31, and LP12 modes) simultaneously when the tilt angle is 1.6°. With the twist induced in FMF-TFBG, the recorded LP11, LP21 and LP31 mode specklegram rotated with fiber twisting. The specklegrams rotation angle are detected using speeded-up robust feature algorithm combined with Canny edge detection algorithm to improve the accuracy. When fiber twist angle changes from −300° to 300°, the specklegram rotation angle of LP11, LP21 and LP31 mode is linearly related to fiber twist angle, with linearity of 0.515, 0.544 and 0.528, respectively. Therefore, the proposed mode rotation from FMF-TFBG with advantages of low cost, high accuracy and excellent performances, could give rise a new generation of fiber specklegram sensor.",

keywords = "Few-mode fiber, Fiber gratings, Fiber specklegram sensor, Mode rotation, Optical fiber dispersion, Optical fiber networks, Optical fiber sensors, Optical fiber theory, Resonance, Sensors, Tilted fiber Bragg grating",

author = "Yunhe Zhao and Yutao Guo and Shiqi Chen and Yan Jiang and Siyu Chen and Chengbo Mou and Yunqi Liu and Changle Wang and Kaiming Zhou and Lin Zhang",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2024 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. ",

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AU - Zhao, Yunhe

AU - Guo, Yutao

AU - Chen, Shiqi

AU - Jiang, Yan

AU - Chen, Siyu

AU - Mou, Chengbo

AU - Liu, Yunqi

AU - Wang, Changle

AU - Zhou, Kaiming

AU - Zhang, Lin

N1 - Copyright © 2024 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

PY - 2024/7/9

Y1 - 2024/7/9

N2 - In this paper, a fiber specklegram sensor is formed from reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber (FMF) with tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBG). The FMF-TFBG with different tilt angles have been fabricated, and could realize the high-efficient reflective mode conversion from fundamental mode to high-order core modes (LP11, LP21, LP02, LP31, and LP12 modes) simultaneously when the tilt angle is 1.6°. With the twist induced in FMF-TFBG, the recorded LP11, LP21 and LP31 mode specklegram rotated with fiber twisting. The specklegrams rotation angle are detected using speeded-up robust feature algorithm combined with Canny edge detection algorithm to improve the accuracy. When fiber twist angle changes from −300° to 300°, the specklegram rotation angle of LP11, LP21 and LP31 mode is linearly related to fiber twist angle, with linearity of 0.515, 0.544 and 0.528, respectively. Therefore, the proposed mode rotation from FMF-TFBG with advantages of low cost, high accuracy and excellent performances, could give rise a new generation of fiber specklegram sensor.

AB - In this paper, a fiber specklegram sensor is formed from reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber (FMF) with tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBG). The FMF-TFBG with different tilt angles have been fabricated, and could realize the high-efficient reflective mode conversion from fundamental mode to high-order core modes (LP11, LP21, LP02, LP31, and LP12 modes) simultaneously when the tilt angle is 1.6°. With the twist induced in FMF-TFBG, the recorded LP11, LP21 and LP31 mode specklegram rotated with fiber twisting. The specklegrams rotation angle are detected using speeded-up robust feature algorithm combined with Canny edge detection algorithm to improve the accuracy. When fiber twist angle changes from −300° to 300°, the specklegram rotation angle of LP11, LP21 and LP31 mode is linearly related to fiber twist angle, with linearity of 0.515, 0.544 and 0.528, respectively. Therefore, the proposed mode rotation from FMF-TFBG with advantages of low cost, high accuracy and excellent performances, could give rise a new generation of fiber specklegram sensor.

KW - Few-mode fiber

KW - Fiber gratings

KW - Fiber specklegram sensor

KW - Mode rotation

KW - Optical fiber dispersion

KW - Optical fiber networks

KW - Optical fiber sensors

KW - Optical fiber theory

KW - Resonance

KW - Sensors

KW - Tilted fiber Bragg grating

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M3 - Article

SN - 1530-437X

JO - IEEE Sensors Journal

JF - IEEE Sensors Journal

ER -

Fiber specklegram sensor based on reflective mode rotation in few-mode fiber

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