Genetics of cataract: An update

Studies since the year 2000 have emphasised that a significant proportion of cases of congenital or developmental cataract are familial. In addition, there is an increasing recognition that genes may also play a significant role in the development of age-related cataract. Age-related cataract may also be associated with environmental factors, e.g., UV exposure with some individuals having a less robust or a more susceptible genetic constitution. The identification of specific defects in the genes linked to congenital cataract is likely to continue to lead to more accurate genetic counselling and a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in the loss of transparency in the lens.