Optical immersion of mid-infrared LEDs and photodiodes for gas-sensing applications

H.R. Hardaway; C.T. Elliott; N.T. Gordon; J.G. Crowder

doi:10.1117/12.468247

Optical immersion of mid-infrared LEDs and photodiodes for gas-sensing applications

H.R. Hardaway, C.T. Elliott, N.T. Gordon, J.G. Crowder

Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies (AiPT)

Research output: Chapter in Book/Published conference output › Conference publication

Abstract

The high gains in performance predicted for optical immersion are difficult to achieve in practice due to total internal reflection at the lens/detector interface. By reducing the air gap at this interface optical tunneling becomes possible and the predicted gains can be realized in practical devices. Using this technique we have demonstrated large performance gains by optically immersing mid-infrared heterostructure InA1Sb LEDs and photodiodes using hypershperical germanium lenses. The development of an effective method of optical immersion that gives excellent optical coupling has produced a photodiode with a peak room temperature detectivity (D*) of 5.3 x 10^{9 cmHz^½W^-1 at λ_peak=5.4μm
and a 40° field of view. A hyperspherically immersed LED showed a
f-fold improvement in the external efficiency, and a 3-fold improvement
in the directionality compared with a conventional planar LED for f/2
optical systems. The incorporation of these uncooled devices in a White
cell produced a NO2 gas sensing system with 2 part-per-million
sensitivity, with an LED drive current of <5mA. These results
represent a significant advance in the use of solid state devices for
portable gas sensing systems.}

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Laser diodes, optoelectronic devices, and heterogenous integration
Editors	Alfred Driessen, Roel G. Baets, John G. McInerney, Ephraim Suhir
Publisher	SPIE
Pages	52-58
Number of pages	7
ISBN (Print)	978-0-8194-4742-5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.468247
Publication status	Published - 11 Mar 2003
Event	Laser Diodes, Optoelectronic Devices, and Heterogenous Integration - Brugge, Belgium Duration: 28 Oct 2002 → …

Publication series

Name	SPIE proceedings
Publisher	SPIE
Volume	4347
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X

Conference

Conference	Laser Diodes, Optoelectronic Devices, and Heterogenous Integration
Country/Territory	Belgium
City	Brugge
Period	28/10/02 → …

Bibliographical note

Harvey R. Hardaway ; C. T. Elliot ; Neil T. Gordon and J. G. Crowder. "Optical immersion of mid-infrared LEDs and photodiodes for gas-sensing applications", Proc. SPIE 4947, Laser Diodes, Optoelectronic Devices, and Heterogenous Integration, 52 (March 11, 2003).

Copyright 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.468247

Access to Document

10.1117/12.468247

Optical immersion of mid-infrared LEDs and photodiodes for gas-sensing applications
Harvey R. Hardaway ; C. T. Elliot ; Neil T. Gordon and J. G. Crowder. "Optical immersion of mid-infrared LEDs and photodiodes for gas-sensing applications", Proc. SPIE 4947, Laser Diodes, Optoelectronic Devices, and Heterogenous Integration, 52 (March 11, 2003). Copyright 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.468247
Final published version, 344 KB

Cite this

Hardaway, H. R., Elliott, C. T., Gordon, N. T., & Crowder, J. G. (2003). Optical immersion of mid-infrared LEDs and photodiodes for gas-sensing applications. In A. Driessen, R. G. Baets, J. G. McInerney, & E. Suhir (Eds.), Laser diodes, optoelectronic devices, and heterogenous integration (pp. 52-58). (SPIE proceedings; Vol. 4347). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.468247

@inproceedings{c6f65282536a499bb1bff207592635a5,

title = "Optical immersion of mid-infrared LEDs and photodiodes for gas-sensing applications",

abstract = "The high gains in performance predicted for optical immersion are difficult to achieve in practice due to total internal reflection at the lens/detector interface. By reducing the air gap at this interface optical tunneling becomes possible and the predicted gains can be realized in practical devices. Using this technique we have demonstrated large performance gains by optically immersing mid-infrared heterostructure InA1Sb LEDs and photodiodes using hypershperical germanium lenses. The development of an effective method of optical immersion that gives excellent optical coupling has produced a photodiode with a peak room temperature detectivity (D*) of 5.3 x 109 cmHz½W-1 at λpeak=5.4μm and a 40° field of view. A hyperspherically immersed LED showed a f-fold improvement in the external efficiency, and a 3-fold improvement in the directionality compared with a conventional planar LED for f/2 optical systems. The incorporation of these uncooled devices in a White cell produced a NO2 gas sensing system with 2 part-per-million sensitivity, with an LED drive current of <5mA. These results represent a significant advance in the use of solid state devices for portable gas sensing systems.",

author = "H.R. Hardaway and C.T. Elliott and N.T. Gordon and J.G. Crowder",

note = "Harvey R. Hardaway ; C. T. Elliot ; Neil T. Gordon and J. G. Crowder. {"}Optical immersion of mid-infrared LEDs and photodiodes for gas-sensing applications{"}, Proc. SPIE 4947, Laser Diodes, Optoelectronic Devices, and Heterogenous Integration, 52 (March 11, 2003). Copyright 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.468247 ; Laser Diodes, Optoelectronic Devices, and Heterogenous Integration ; Conference date: 28-10-2002",

year = "2003",

month = mar,

day = "11",

doi = "10.1117/12.468247",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-0-8194-4742-5",

series = "SPIE proceedings",

publisher = "SPIE",

pages = "52--58",

editor = "Alfred Driessen and Baets, {Roel G.} and McInerney, {John G.} and Ephraim Suhir",

booktitle = "Laser diodes, optoelectronic devices, and heterogenous integration",

address = "United States",

}

Hardaway, HR, Elliott, CT, Gordon, NT & Crowder, JG 2003, Optical immersion of mid-infrared LEDs and photodiodes for gas-sensing applications. in A Driessen, RG Baets, JG McInerney & E Suhir (eds), Laser diodes, optoelectronic devices, and heterogenous integration. SPIE proceedings, vol. 4347, SPIE, pp. 52-58, Laser Diodes, Optoelectronic Devices, and Heterogenous Integration, Brugge, Belgium, 28/10/02. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.468247

Optical immersion of mid-infrared LEDs and photodiodes for gas-sensing applications. / Hardaway, H.R.; Elliott, C.T.; Gordon, N.T. et al.
Laser diodes, optoelectronic devices, and heterogenous integration. ed. / Alfred Driessen; Roel G. Baets; John G. McInerney; Ephraim Suhir. SPIE, 2003. p. 52-58 (SPIE proceedings; Vol. 4347).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Published conference output › Conference publication

TY - GEN

T1 - Optical immersion of mid-infrared LEDs and photodiodes for gas-sensing applications

AU - Hardaway, H.R.

AU - Elliott, C.T.

AU - Gordon, N.T.

AU - Crowder, J.G.

N1 - Harvey R. Hardaway ; C. T. Elliot ; Neil T. Gordon and J. G. Crowder. "Optical immersion of mid-infrared LEDs and photodiodes for gas-sensing applications", Proc. SPIE 4947, Laser Diodes, Optoelectronic Devices, and Heterogenous Integration, 52 (March 11, 2003). Copyright 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.468247

PY - 2003/3/11

Y1 - 2003/3/11

N2 - The high gains in performance predicted for optical immersion are difficult to achieve in practice due to total internal reflection at the lens/detector interface. By reducing the air gap at this interface optical tunneling becomes possible and the predicted gains can be realized in practical devices. Using this technique we have demonstrated large performance gains by optically immersing mid-infrared heterostructure InA1Sb LEDs and photodiodes using hypershperical germanium lenses. The development of an effective method of optical immersion that gives excellent optical coupling has produced a photodiode with a peak room temperature detectivity (D*) of 5.3 x 109 cmHz½W-1 at λpeak=5.4μm and a 40° field of view. A hyperspherically immersed LED showed a f-fold improvement in the external efficiency, and a 3-fold improvement in the directionality compared with a conventional planar LED for f/2 optical systems. The incorporation of these uncooled devices in a White cell produced a NO2 gas sensing system with 2 part-per-million sensitivity, with an LED drive current of <5mA. These results represent a significant advance in the use of solid state devices for portable gas sensing systems.

AB - The high gains in performance predicted for optical immersion are difficult to achieve in practice due to total internal reflection at the lens/detector interface. By reducing the air gap at this interface optical tunneling becomes possible and the predicted gains can be realized in practical devices. Using this technique we have demonstrated large performance gains by optically immersing mid-infrared heterostructure InA1Sb LEDs and photodiodes using hypershperical germanium lenses. The development of an effective method of optical immersion that gives excellent optical coupling has produced a photodiode with a peak room temperature detectivity (D*) of 5.3 x 109 cmHz½W-1 at λpeak=5.4μm and a 40° field of view. A hyperspherically immersed LED showed a f-fold improvement in the external efficiency, and a 3-fold improvement in the directionality compared with a conventional planar LED for f/2 optical systems. The incorporation of these uncooled devices in a White cell produced a NO2 gas sensing system with 2 part-per-million sensitivity, with an LED drive current of <5mA. These results represent a significant advance in the use of solid state devices for portable gas sensing systems.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0038532525&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1313515

U2 - 10.1117/12.468247

DO - 10.1117/12.468247

M3 - Conference publication

AN - SCOPUS:0038532525

SN - 978-0-8194-4742-5

T3 - SPIE proceedings

SP - 52

EP - 58

BT - Laser diodes, optoelectronic devices, and heterogenous integration

A2 - Driessen, Alfred

A2 - Baets, Roel G.

A2 - McInerney, John G.

A2 - Suhir, Ephraim

PB - SPIE

T2 - Laser Diodes, Optoelectronic Devices, and Heterogenous Integration

Y2 - 28 October 2002

ER -

Optical immersion of mid-infrared LEDs and photodiodes for gas-sensing applications

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this