Pupillary shapes in response to electrical stimulation of the sclera of peripheral cornea in cats and porcines

Yoko Hirohara; Toshifumi Mihashi; Tomomitsu Miyoshi; Suguru Miyagawa; Hiroyuki Kanda; Hajime Sawai; Takashi Fujikado; Thomas Drew; James Stuart Wolffsohn

Abstract

Purpose: We have reported that the changes in the pupillary shape in response to electrical stimulation of the branches of the ciliary nerves in cats. (Miyagawa et al. PLoS One, 2014). This study investigates the changes in the pupillary shapes in response to electrical stimulations of the sclera of peripheral cornea in cats and porcines.

Methods: Two enucleated eyes of two cats and three enucleated porcine eyes were studied. Trains of biphasic pulses (current, 3 mA; duration, 2 ms/phase; frequency, 40 Hz) were applied using a tungsten electrode (0.3mm diameter). The stimulation was performed at every 45 degree over the entire circular region on the sclera near the cornea. The pupillary images were recorded before and 4 s (cat) and 10 s (pig) after the stimulation and the change in the pupil diameter (Δr) was quantified. The pupillary images were obtained with a custom-built compact wavefront aberrometer (Uday et al. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2013).

Results: In a cat eye, the pupil was dilated by the electrical stimulation at six out of eight orientations (before stimulation pupil diameter r=10.10±0.49 mm, Δr=0.33±0.12 mm). The pupil dilated only toward the electrode (relative eccentricity of the pupil center to the pupil diameter change amount r_dec=1.15±0.28). In the porcine eyes, the pupils were constricted by the electrical stimulations at the temporal and nasal orientations (r=10.04±0.57 mm, Δr=1.52±0.70 mm). The pupils contracted symmetrically (r_dec=0.30±0.12).

Conclusions: With electrical stimulation in the sclera of the peripheral cornea, asymmetric mydriasis in cat eyes and symmetrical miosis in porcine eyes were observed. Under the assumption that the electrical stimulation stimulated both muscles that contribute to the pupil control, our hypothesis proposed here is that the pupil dilator is stronger than the pupil sphincter in cat, and pupil sphincter is stronger than pupil dilator in porcine.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3374
Number of pages	1
Journal	Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Volume	56
Issue number	7
Publication status	Published - Jun 2015

Bibliographical note

Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO)

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http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2333235

6 Conference abstract

Accommodative response to electrical stimulation of the sclera of peripheral cornea in cats and porcines
Mihashi, T., Hirohara, Y., Miyoshi, T., Miyagawa, S., Kanda, H., Sawai, H., Fujikado, T., Drew, T. & Wolffsohn, J. S., Jun 2015, In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 56, 7, p. 6005 1 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference abstract › peer-review

Open Access
Can aberrometry provide rapid and reliable measures of subjective depth of focus following multifocal intraocular lens implantation?
Applegate, R. A., Dhallu, S. K., Sheppard, A. L., Mihashi, T., Drew, T. E., Shah, S. & Wolffsohn, J. S., Jun 2015, In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 56, 7, p. 2979 1 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference abstract › peer-review

Open Access
Ciliary muscle morphology in emmetropia and ocular biometric correlates
Saigal, R., Davies, L. N. & Sheppard, A. L., 30 Jun 2015, In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 56, 7, p. 5997 1 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference abstract › peer-review

Open Access

Cite this

@article{bbd6fb4d1d1c47a491bf86bd6a9ee5e9,

title = "Pupillary shapes in response to electrical stimulation of the sclera of peripheral cornea in cats and porcines",

abstract = "Purpose: We have reported that the changes in the pupillary shape in response to electrical stimulation of the branches of the ciliary nerves in cats. (Miyagawa et al. PLoS One, 2014). This study investigates the changes in the pupillary shapes in response to electrical stimulations of the sclera of peripheral cornea in cats and porcines.Methods: Two enucleated eyes of two cats and three enucleated porcine eyes were studied. Trains of biphasic pulses (current, 3 mA; duration, 2 ms/phase; frequency, 40 Hz) were applied using a tungsten electrode (0.3mm diameter). The stimulation was performed at every 45 degree over the entire circular region on the sclera near the cornea. The pupillary images were recorded before and 4 s (cat) and 10 s (pig) after the stimulation and the change in the pupil diameter (Δr) was quantified. The pupillary images were obtained with a custom-built compact wavefront aberrometer (Uday et al. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2013).Results: In a cat eye, the pupil was dilated by the electrical stimulation at six out of eight orientations (before stimulation pupil diameter r=10.10±0.49 mm, Δr=0.33±0.12 mm). The pupil dilated only toward the electrode (relative eccentricity of the pupil center to the pupil diameter change amount rdec=1.15±0.28). In the porcine eyes, the pupils were constricted by the electrical stimulations at the temporal and nasal orientations (r=10.04±0.57 mm, Δr=1.52±0.70 mm). The pupils contracted symmetrically (rdec=0.30±0.12).Conclusions: With electrical stimulation in the sclera of the peripheral cornea, asymmetric mydriasis in cat eyes and symmetrical miosis in porcine eyes were observed. Under the assumption that the electrical stimulation stimulated both muscles that contribute to the pupil control, our hypothesis proposed here is that the pupil dilator is stronger than the pupil sphincter in cat, and pupil sphincter is stronger than pupil dilator in porcine.",

author = "Yoko Hirohara and Toshifumi Mihashi and Tomomitsu Miyoshi and Suguru Miyagawa and Hiroyuki Kanda and Hajime Sawai and Takashi Fujikado and Thomas Drew and Wolffsohn, {James Stuart}",

note = "Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO)",

year = "2015",

month = jun,

language = "English",

volume = "56",

pages = "3374",

journal = "Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science",

issn = "1552-5783",

publisher = "Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Inc.",

number = "7",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Pupillary shapes in response to electrical stimulation of the sclera of peripheral cornea in cats and porcines

AU - Hirohara, Yoko

AU - Mihashi, Toshifumi

AU - Miyoshi, Tomomitsu

AU - Miyagawa, Suguru

AU - Kanda, Hiroyuki

AU - Sawai, Hajime

AU - Fujikado, Takashi

AU - Drew, Thomas

AU - Wolffsohn, James Stuart

N1 - Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO)

PY - 2015/6

Y1 - 2015/6

N2 - Purpose: We have reported that the changes in the pupillary shape in response to electrical stimulation of the branches of the ciliary nerves in cats. (Miyagawa et al. PLoS One, 2014). This study investigates the changes in the pupillary shapes in response to electrical stimulations of the sclera of peripheral cornea in cats and porcines.Methods: Two enucleated eyes of two cats and three enucleated porcine eyes were studied. Trains of biphasic pulses (current, 3 mA; duration, 2 ms/phase; frequency, 40 Hz) were applied using a tungsten electrode (0.3mm diameter). The stimulation was performed at every 45 degree over the entire circular region on the sclera near the cornea. The pupillary images were recorded before and 4 s (cat) and 10 s (pig) after the stimulation and the change in the pupil diameter (Δr) was quantified. The pupillary images were obtained with a custom-built compact wavefront aberrometer (Uday et al. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2013).Results: In a cat eye, the pupil was dilated by the electrical stimulation at six out of eight orientations (before stimulation pupil diameter r=10.10±0.49 mm, Δr=0.33±0.12 mm). The pupil dilated only toward the electrode (relative eccentricity of the pupil center to the pupil diameter change amount rdec=1.15±0.28). In the porcine eyes, the pupils were constricted by the electrical stimulations at the temporal and nasal orientations (r=10.04±0.57 mm, Δr=1.52±0.70 mm). The pupils contracted symmetrically (rdec=0.30±0.12).Conclusions: With electrical stimulation in the sclera of the peripheral cornea, asymmetric mydriasis in cat eyes and symmetrical miosis in porcine eyes were observed. Under the assumption that the electrical stimulation stimulated both muscles that contribute to the pupil control, our hypothesis proposed here is that the pupil dilator is stronger than the pupil sphincter in cat, and pupil sphincter is stronger than pupil dilator in porcine.

AB - Purpose: We have reported that the changes in the pupillary shape in response to electrical stimulation of the branches of the ciliary nerves in cats. (Miyagawa et al. PLoS One, 2014). This study investigates the changes in the pupillary shapes in response to electrical stimulations of the sclera of peripheral cornea in cats and porcines.Methods: Two enucleated eyes of two cats and three enucleated porcine eyes were studied. Trains of biphasic pulses (current, 3 mA; duration, 2 ms/phase; frequency, 40 Hz) were applied using a tungsten electrode (0.3mm diameter). The stimulation was performed at every 45 degree over the entire circular region on the sclera near the cornea. The pupillary images were recorded before and 4 s (cat) and 10 s (pig) after the stimulation and the change in the pupil diameter (Δr) was quantified. The pupillary images were obtained with a custom-built compact wavefront aberrometer (Uday et al. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2013).Results: In a cat eye, the pupil was dilated by the electrical stimulation at six out of eight orientations (before stimulation pupil diameter r=10.10±0.49 mm, Δr=0.33±0.12 mm). The pupil dilated only toward the electrode (relative eccentricity of the pupil center to the pupil diameter change amount rdec=1.15±0.28). In the porcine eyes, the pupils were constricted by the electrical stimulations at the temporal and nasal orientations (r=10.04±0.57 mm, Δr=1.52±0.70 mm). The pupils contracted symmetrically (rdec=0.30±0.12).Conclusions: With electrical stimulation in the sclera of the peripheral cornea, asymmetric mydriasis in cat eyes and symmetrical miosis in porcine eyes were observed. Under the assumption that the electrical stimulation stimulated both muscles that contribute to the pupil control, our hypothesis proposed here is that the pupil dilator is stronger than the pupil sphincter in cat, and pupil sphincter is stronger than pupil dilator in porcine.

M3 - Conference abstract

SN - 1552-5783

VL - 56

SP - 3374

JO - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

JF - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

IS - 7

ER -

Pupillary shapes in response to electrical stimulation of the sclera of peripheral cornea in cats and porcines

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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Research output

Accommodative response to electrical stimulation of the sclera of peripheral cornea in cats and porcines

Can aberrometry provide rapid and reliable measures of subjective depth of focus following multifocal intraocular lens implantation?

Ciliary muscle morphology in emmetropia and ocular biometric correlates

Cite this