Pyrolysis of Napier grass in a fixed bed reactor: effect of operating conditions on product yields and characteristic

Isah Yakub Mohammed, Yousif Abdalla Abakr, Feroz Kabir Kazi, Suzana Yusuf, Ibraheem Alshareef, Soh Aik Chin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

This study presents a report on pyrolysis of Napier grass stem in a fixed bed reactor. The effects of nitrogen flow (20 to 60 mL/min), and reaction temperature (450 to 650 degrees C) were investigated. Increasing the nitrogen flow from 20 to 30 mL/min increased the bio-oil yield and decreased both bio-char and non-condensable gas. 30 mL/min nitrogen flow resulted in optimum bio-oil yield and was used in the subsequent experiments. Reaction temperatures between 450 and 600 degrees C increased the bio-oil yield, with maximum yield of 32.26 wt% at 600 degrees C and a decrease in the corresponding bio-char and non-condensable gas. At 650 degrees C, reductions in the bio-oil and bio-char yields were recorded while the non-condensable gas increased. Water content of the bio-oil decreased with increasing reaction temperature, while density and viscosity increased. The observed pH and higher heating values were between 2.43 to 2.97, and 25.25 to 28.88 MJ/kg, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed that the oil was made up of highly oxygenated compounds and requires upgrading. The bio-char and non-condensable gas were characterized, and the effect of reaction temperature on the properties was evaluated. Napier grass represents a good source of renewable energy when all pyrolysis products are efficiently utilized.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)6457-6478
Number of pages22
JournalBioResources
Volume10
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 12 Aug 2015

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Keywords

  • Napier grass
  • pyrolysis
  • bio-oil
  • bio-char
  • non-condensable
  • characterisation

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