TY - JOUR
T1 - The full-length E1^E4 protein of human papillomavirus type 18 modulates differentiation-dependent viral DNA amplification and late gene expression
AU - Wilson, Regina
AU - Ryan, Gordon B.
AU - Knight, Gillian L.
AU - Laimins, Laimonis A.
AU - Roberts, Sally
PY - 2007/6/1
Y1 - 2007/6/1
N2 - Activation of the productive phase of the human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle in differentiated keratinocytes is coincident with high-level expression of E1^E4 protein. To determine the role of E1^E4 in the HPV replication cycle, we constructed HPV18 mutant genomes in which expression of the full-length E1^E4 protein was abrogated. Undifferentiated keratinocytes containing mutant genomes showed enhanced proliferation when compared to cells containing wildtype genomes, but there were no differences in maintenance of viral episomes. Following differentiation, cells with mutant genomes exhibited reduced levels of viral DNA amplification and late gene expression, compared to wildtype genome-containing cells. This indicates that HPV18 E1^E4 plays an important role in regulating HPV late functions, and it may also function in the early phase of the replication cycle. Our finding that full-length HPV18 E1^E4 protein plays a significant role in promoting viral genome amplification concurs with a similar report with HPV31, but is in contrast to an HPV11 study where viral DNA amplification was not dependent on full-length E1^E4 expression, and to HPV16 where only C-terminal truncations in E1^E4 abrogated vegetative genome replication. This suggests that type-specific differences exist between various E1^E4 proteins.
AB - Activation of the productive phase of the human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle in differentiated keratinocytes is coincident with high-level expression of E1^E4 protein. To determine the role of E1^E4 in the HPV replication cycle, we constructed HPV18 mutant genomes in which expression of the full-length E1^E4 protein was abrogated. Undifferentiated keratinocytes containing mutant genomes showed enhanced proliferation when compared to cells containing wildtype genomes, but there were no differences in maintenance of viral episomes. Following differentiation, cells with mutant genomes exhibited reduced levels of viral DNA amplification and late gene expression, compared to wildtype genome-containing cells. This indicates that HPV18 E1^E4 plays an important role in regulating HPV late functions, and it may also function in the early phase of the replication cycle. Our finding that full-length HPV18 E1^E4 protein plays a significant role in promoting viral genome amplification concurs with a similar report with HPV31, but is in contrast to an HPV11 study where viral DNA amplification was not dependent on full-length E1^E4 expression, and to HPV16 where only C-terminal truncations in E1^E4 abrogated vegetative genome replication. This suggests that type-specific differences exist between various E1^E4 proteins.
UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0042682207000207
U2 - 10.1016/j.virol.2007.01.005
DO - 10.1016/j.virol.2007.01.005
M3 - Article
SN - 0042-6822
VL - 362
SP - 453
EP - 460
JO - Virology
JF - Virology
IS - 2
ER -