Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute

János Németh; Beáta Tapasztó; Wagih A Aclimandos; Philippe Kestelyn; Jost B Jonas; Jan-Tjeerd H N De Faber; Ingrida Januleviciene; Andrzej Grzybowski; Zoltán Zsolt Nagy; Olavi Pärssinen; Jeremy A Guggenheim; Peter M Allen; Rigmor C Baraas; Kathryn J Saunders; Daniel Ian Flitcroft; Lyle S Gray; Jan Roelof Polling; Annechien EG Haarman; J Willem L Tideman; James Stuart Wolffsohn; Siegfried Wahl; Jeroen A Mulder; Irina Yurievna Smirnova; Marino Formenti; Hema Radhakrishnan; Serge Resnikoff

doi:10.1177/1120672121998960

Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute

János Németh, Beáta Tapasztó, Wagih A Aclimandos, Philippe Kestelyn, Jost B Jonas, Jan-Tjeerd H N De Faber, Ingrida Januleviciene, Andrzej Grzybowski, Zoltán Zsolt Nagy, Olavi Pärssinen, Jeremy A Guggenheim, Peter M Allen, Rigmor C Baraas, Kathryn J Saunders, Daniel Ian Flitcroft, Lyle S Gray, Jan Roelof Polling, Annechien EG Haarman, J Willem L Tideman, James Stuart WolffsohnSiegfried Wahl, Jeroen A Mulder, Irina Yurievna Smirnova, Marino Formenti, Hema Radhakrishnan, Serge Resnikoff

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

The prevalence of myopia is increasing extensively worldwide. The number of people with myopia in 2020 is predicted to be 2.6 billion globally, which is expected to rise up to 4.9 billion by 2050, unless preventive actions and interventions are taken. The number of individuals with high myopia is also increasing substantially and pathological myopia is predicted to become the most common cause of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide and also in Europe. These prevalence estimates indicate the importance of reducing the burden of myopia by means of myopia control interventions to prevent myopia onset and to slow down myopia progression. Due to the urgency of the situation, the European Society of Ophthalmology decided to publish this update of the current information and guidance on management of myopia. The pathogenesis and genetics of myopia are also summarized and epidemiology, risk factors, preventive and treatment options are discussed in details.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	853-883
Number of pages	31
Journal	European Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume	31
Issue number	3
Early online date	5 Mar 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/1120672121998960
Publication status	Published - May 2021

Bibliographical note

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

Keywords

Myopia
atropine
blindness
myopia reduction interventions
orthokeratology
pathologic myopia
preventive medicine
time spent outdoors

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10.1177/1120672121998960Licence: CC BY-NC 3.0

Update and guidance on management of myopia
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
Final published version, 745 KBLicence: CC BY-NC 3.0

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Németh, J., Tapasztó, B., Aclimandos, W. A., Kestelyn, P., Jonas, J. B., De Faber, J.-T. H. N., Januleviciene, I., Grzybowski, A., Nagy, Z. Z., Pärssinen, O., Guggenheim, J. A., Allen, P. M., Baraas, R. C., Saunders, K. J., Flitcroft, D. I., Gray, L. S., Polling, J. R., Haarman, A. EG., Tideman, J. W. L., ... Resnikoff, S. (2021). Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute. European Journal of Ophthalmology, 31(3), 853-883. https://doi.org/10.1177/1120672121998960

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abstract = "The prevalence of myopia is increasing extensively worldwide. The number of people with myopia in 2020 is predicted to be 2.6 billion globally, which is expected to rise up to 4.9 billion by 2050, unless preventive actions and interventions are taken. The number of individuals with high myopia is also increasing substantially and pathological myopia is predicted to become the most common cause of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide and also in Europe. These prevalence estimates indicate the importance of reducing the burden of myopia by means of myopia control interventions to prevent myopia onset and to slow down myopia progression. Due to the urgency of the situation, the European Society of Ophthalmology decided to publish this update of the current information and guidance on management of myopia. The pathogenesis and genetics of myopia are also summarized and epidemiology, risk factors, preventive and treatment options are discussed in details.",

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note = "This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).",

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Németh, J, Tapasztó, B, Aclimandos, WA, Kestelyn, P, Jonas, JB, De Faber, J-THN, Januleviciene, I, Grzybowski, A, Nagy, ZZ, Pärssinen, O, Guggenheim, JA, Allen, PM, Baraas, RC, Saunders, KJ, Flitcroft, DI, Gray, LS, Polling, JR, Haarman, AEG, Tideman, JWL, Wolffsohn, JS, Wahl, S, Mulder, JA, Smirnova, IY, Formenti, M, Radhakrishnan, H & Resnikoff, S 2021, 'Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute', European Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 853-883. https://doi.org/10.1177/1120672121998960

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AU - Németh, János

AU - Tapasztó, Beáta

AU - Aclimandos, Wagih A

AU - Kestelyn, Philippe

AU - Jonas, Jost B

AU - De Faber, Jan-Tjeerd H N

AU - Januleviciene, Ingrida

AU - Grzybowski, Andrzej

AU - Nagy, Zoltán Zsolt

AU - Pärssinen, Olavi

AU - Guggenheim, Jeremy A

AU - Allen, Peter M

AU - Baraas, Rigmor C

AU - Saunders, Kathryn J

AU - Flitcroft, Daniel Ian

AU - Gray, Lyle S

AU - Polling, Jan Roelof

AU - Haarman, Annechien EG

AU - Tideman, J Willem L

AU - Wolffsohn, James Stuart

AU - Wahl, Siegfried

AU - Mulder, Jeroen A

AU - Smirnova, Irina Yurievna

AU - Formenti, Marino

AU - Radhakrishnan, Hema

AU - Resnikoff, Serge

N1 - This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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KW - atropine

KW - blindness

KW - myopia reduction interventions

KW - orthokeratology

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KW - preventive medicine

KW - time spent outdoors

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Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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